"""Top-level objects which specific optical, and otherwise, components should inherit
from."""
from copy import copy
from collections import OrderedDict
import enum
import logging
import numbers
import numpy as np
from finesse.components.node import NodeType, Port
from finesse.components.modal.variable import VariableWorkspace
from finesse.exceptions import ComponentNotConnected
from finesse.parameter import float_parameter
from finesse.utilities import check_name, is_iterable
from finesse.element import ModelElement
from collections import namedtuple
# DOFDefinition name should be the full-name of the
# definition for a particular element, e.g. m1.dofs.z
# if this is wrong, then unparsing will not work correctly
DOFDefinition = namedtuple("DOFDefinition", ("name", "DC", "AC", "DC_2_AC_scaling"))
LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
[docs]def unique_element():
"""Flags that this element type is unique in a model.
In other words, only one of these element types can be in a single model.
"""
def func(cls):
cls._unique_element = True
return cls
return func
[docs]def borrows_nodes():
"""Flags that a ModelElement will be making references to nodes owner by other
elements, or borrows a reference."""
def func(cls):
cls._borrows_nodes = True
return cls
return func
[docs]@enum.unique
class CouplingType(enum.Enum):
"""An enum describing the type of coupling between two nodes."""
OPTICAL_TO_OPTICAL = 0
OPTICAL_TO_ELECTRICAL = 1
OPTICAL_TO_MECHANICAL = 2
ELECTRICAL_TO_ELECTRICAL = 3
ELECTRICAL_TO_OPTICAL = 4
ELETRICAL_TO_MECHANICAL = 5
MECHANICAL_TO_MECHANICAL = 6
MECHANICAL_TO_OPTICAL = 7
MECHANICAL_TO_ELECTRICAL = 8
[docs]@enum.unique
class NoiseType(enum.Enum):
"""An enum describing the type of noise a component generates."""
QUANTUM = 0
[docs]def determine_coupling_type(from_node, to_node):
"""Retrieves the type of coupling (see :class:`.CouplingType`) between two nodes.
Parameters
----------
from_node : :class:`.Node`
Node which couples into `to_node`.
to_node : :class:`.Node`
Node which has a coupling from `from_node`.
Returns
-------
coupling_t : :class:`.CouplingType`
The type of coupling between the two given nodes.
"""
convert = {
(NodeType.OPTICAL, NodeType.OPTICAL): CouplingType.OPTICAL_TO_OPTICAL,
(NodeType.OPTICAL, NodeType.ELECTRICAL): CouplingType.OPTICAL_TO_ELECTRICAL,
(NodeType.OPTICAL, NodeType.MECHANICAL): CouplingType.OPTICAL_TO_MECHANICAL,
(
NodeType.ELECTRICAL,
NodeType.ELECTRICAL,
): CouplingType.ELECTRICAL_TO_ELECTRICAL,
(NodeType.ELECTRICAL, NodeType.OPTICAL): CouplingType.ELECTRICAL_TO_OPTICAL,
(
NodeType.ELECTRICAL,
NodeType.MECHANICAL,
): CouplingType.ELETRICAL_TO_MECHANICAL,
(
NodeType.MECHANICAL,
NodeType.MECHANICAL,
): CouplingType.MECHANICAL_TO_MECHANICAL,
(NodeType.MECHANICAL, NodeType.OPTICAL): CouplingType.MECHANICAL_TO_OPTICAL,
(
NodeType.MECHANICAL,
NodeType.ELECTRICAL,
): CouplingType.MECHANICAL_TO_ELECTRICAL,
}
return convert[(from_node.type, to_node.type)]
[docs]@enum.unique
class InteractionType(enum.Enum):
"""An enum describing the type of interaction between two nodes."""
REFLECTION = 0
TRANSMISSION = 1
[docs]class FrequencyGenerator:
"""The base class for components which generate optical frequencies.
A component inheriting from this class will allow the model to query the component
to ask what frequencies it wants to use. Frequency generation comes in the form of
either a laser or something that modulates.
"""
def _couples_frequency(self, ws, connection, frequency_in, frequency_out):
"""This method returns whether this element is coupling frequencies for a
particular connection.
For example, a modulator would modulator frequencies when a field
passes through it. Or a suspended mirror would couple the upper and
lower sidebands on reflection due to radiation pressure effects.
Parameters
----------
ws : :class:`.ElementWorkspace`
Workspace for this particular component
connection : str
Name of the connection being queried
frequency_in : :class:`.Frequency`
Input frequency
frequency_out : :class:`.Frequency`
Output frequency
Returns
-------
bool
True if frequencies couple at this element
"""
return False
def _modulation_frequencies(self):
return []
def _source_frequencies(self):
return []
def _on_response(self, freqWeakRef):
"""Callback function that model calls to say whether requested frequency was
granted or not. If so a weak reference to the frequency object is returned.
Parameters
----------
freqWeakRef: Weakref.ref
Weak reference to the assigned Frequency object
Raises
------
Exception
If passed a name to a frequency this element did not
ask for originally.
"""
# if freqWeakRef() in self.__requested_frequencies:
self.__frequencies.append(freqWeakRef)
# else:
# raise Exception(f"{self} never requested a frequency {freqWeakRef()}")
[docs]class NoiseGenerator:
"""The base class for components which generate some kind of noise.
A component inheriting from this class will allow the model to query the component
to ask what noise it generates.
"""
def __init__(self):
self.__noises = {}
def _register_noise_output(
self,
name,
node,
noise_type,
):
if noise_type not in self.__noises.keys():
self.__noises[noise_type] = []
self.__noises[noise_type].append((name, node))
def _couples_noise(self, ws, node, noise_type, frequency_in, frequency_out):
"""This method returns whether the noise sidebands this element produces are
covariant for the specified frequencies at this node.
Parameters
----------
ws : :class:`.ElementWorkspace`
Workspace for this particular component
node : :class:`.Node`
Node to check.
noise_type : :class:`.NoiseType`
NoiseType to check.
frequency_in : :class:`.Frequency`
Input frequency
frequency_out : :class:`.Frequency`
Output frequency
Returns
-------
bool
True if the specified sidebands are covariant.
"""
return frequency_in.index == frequency_out.index
@property
def noises(self):
return self.__noises
[docs]class Connector(ModelElement):
"""Base class for any component which connects nodes together.
Internally it stores the nodes and the connections associated with the component. During the
matrix build this class will then ensure that the matrix elements for each coupling requested
are allocated and and the required matrix view for editing their values is retrieved.
The inheriting class should call ``_register_node`` and ``_register_coupling`` to define the
connections it wants to use.
Parameters
----------
name : str
Name of the new `Connector` instance.
"""
_borrows_nodes = False
[docs] def __init__(self, name):
super().__init__(name)
self.__connections = OrderedDict()
self.__enabled_checks = OrderedDict()
self.__ports = OrderedDict()
self.__interaction_types = {}
self.__nodes = OrderedDict()
self._abcd_matrices = {}
self.__abcds_symbolised = False
def __nodes_of(self, *node_types):
return tuple([node for node in self.nodes.values() if node.type in node_types])
@property
def borrows_nodes(self):
"""Whether this element borrows node references from another.
When this is True the element may not create all of its own nodes and just link
into one that already exists and is owned by another element.
"""
return self._borrows_nodes
@property
def optical_nodes(self):
"""The optical nodes stored by the connector.
:getter: Returns a list of the stored optical nodes (read-only).
"""
return self.__nodes_of(NodeType.OPTICAL)
@property
def signal_nodes(self):
"""The signal nodes stored by the connector.
:getter: Returns a list of the stored signal nodes (read-only).
"""
return self.__nodes_of(NodeType.ELECTRICAL, NodeType.MECHANICAL)
@property
def ports(self):
"""Retrieves the ports available at the object.
Returns
-------
tuple
Read-only tuple of the ports available at this object.
"""
return tuple(self.__ports.values())
def _add_port(self, name, type):
"""Creates either an electrical, mechanical, or optical port for this component.
Each port can then have multiple different nodes associated with - each node
being an equation to solve for in the linear system.
For example, the input and output optical field at one part of a component
would be one port, i.e. reflection from one side of a mirror.
The port is added to the component object directly to be referenced at a later
time when the users is connecting components or definining couplings in a component.
Parameters
----------
name : str
Name of the port
type : NodeType
Type of nodes this port holds
Returns
-------
Port object added
"""
check_name(name)
if name in self.ports:
raise Exception("Port %s already exists for this object" % name)
if hasattr(self, name):
raise Exception(
"Port name %s already exists as an attribute in of this object" % name
)
p = Port(name, self, type)
self.__ports[name] = p
# self._unfreeze()
assert not hasattr(self, name)
setattr(self, name, p)
# self._freeze()
return p
@property
def _enabled_checks(self):
return copy(self.__enabled_checks)
@property
def _registered_connections(self):
return copy(self.__connections)
@property
def all_internal_optical_connections(self):
"""A dictionary of all the optical connections this element is making between
its nodes."""
return {
k: (self.nodes[v[0]], self.nodes[v[1]])
for k, v in self.__connections.items()
if (
self.coupling_type(self.nodes[v[0]], self.nodes[v[1]])
== CouplingType.OPTICAL_TO_OPTICAL
)
}
@property
def all_internal_connections(self):
"""A dictionary of all the connections this element is making between its
nodes."""
return {
k: (self.nodes[v[0]], self.nodes[v[1]])
for k, v in self.__connections.items()
}
[docs] def coupling_type(self, from_node, to_node):
"""Obtains the type of coupling (see :class:`.CouplingType`) between the two
specified nodes at this component.
Parameters
----------
from_node : :class:`.Node`
Node which has a forwards coupling to `to_node`.
to_node : :class:`.Node`
Node which has a backwards coupling from `from_node`.
Returns
-------
coupling_t : :class:`.CouplingType`
The type of coupling between the specified nodes.
"""
try:
return determine_coupling_type(from_node, to_node)
except KeyError:
return None
[docs] def interaction_type(self, from_node, to_node):
"""Obtains the type of interaction (see :class:`.InteractionType`) between the
two specified nodes at this component.
Parameters
----------
from_node : :class:`.Node`
Node which has a forwards coupling to `to_node`.
to_node : :class:`.Node`
Node which has a backwards coupling from `from_node`.
Returns
-------
interaction_t : :class:`.InteractionType`
The type of interaction between the specified nodes.
"""
try:
return self.__interaction_types[(from_node.full_name, to_node.full_name)]
except KeyError:
return None
@property
def nodes(self):
"""All the nodes of all the ports at this component. Order is likely to be the
order in which the ports and nodes were created, but this is not guaranteed.
Returns
-------
nodes : tuple(:class:`.Node`)
"""
return self.__nodes
def _register_node_coupling(
self,
connection_id: int,
from_node,
to_node,
interaction_type=None,
forced_name=None,
enabled_check=None,
):
"""Registers that this element will connect the output of one of its nodes to
the input of another.
Each element is responsible for requesting connections
to be made within a Model. In practice this means the
model will allocate the required matrix elements for
this element to fill in.
Parameters
----------
connection_id : str
A unique string ID for this element which is used to identify this connection.
from_node : :class:`.Node`
The input node
to_node : :class:`.Node`
The output node
interaction_type : :class:`.InteractionType`, optional
The type of interaction between the nodes if applicable.
forced_name : str, optional
Can force the name of a connection. Used by spaces/wires for
using the correct name as it doesn't own the node
enabled_check : function, optional
A function that returns a True/False if this connection should be enabled
when a simulation is built from a model. The default value None means True.
"""
from finesse.components import Space, Wire
if forced_name is None:
name = "{}->{}".format(from_node.full_name, to_node.full_name)
else:
name = forced_name
try:
if self._model is not None:
raise Exception("Component has already been added to a model")
except ComponentNotConnected:
pass
if name in self.__connections:
raise Exception(
"Connection called {} already set at component {}".format(
self.name, name
)
)
# TODO: decide whether we actually need this - shouldn't be possible
# to connect non-existing ports without python complaining about
# an undefined parameter first anyway
if isinstance(self, Space) or isinstance(self, Wire):
if from_node.port not in from_node.port.component.ports:
raise Exception()
if to_node.port not in to_node.port.component.ports:
raise Exception()
else:
if from_node.full_name not in self.nodes:
raise Exception(
"Node {}.{} is not available at component `{}`".format(
from_node.port.name, from_node.name, self.name
)
)
if to_node.full_name not in self.nodes:
raise Exception(
"Node {}.{} is not available at component `{}`".format(
to_node.port.name, to_node.name, self.name
)
)
if (from_node.full_name, to_node.full_name) in self.__connections.values():
raise Exception(
f"Connection between {(from_node.full_name, to_node.full_name)} already exists"
)
self.__connections[connection_id] = (from_node.full_name, to_node.full_name)
if enabled_check:
self.__enabled_checks[connection_id] = enabled_check
if interaction_type is not None:
self.__interaction_types[
(from_node.full_name, to_node.full_name)
] = interaction_type
[docs] def is_valid_coupling(self, from_node, to_node):
"""Flags whether the provided node coupling exists at this connector."""
return (from_node.full_name, to_node.full_name) in self.__connections.values()
[docs] def check_coupling(self, from_node, to_node):
"""Checks that a coupling exists between `from_node` -> `to_node` and raises a
``ValueError`` if not."""
fname, tname = from_node.full_name, to_node.full_name
if (fname, tname) not in self.__connections.values():
raise ValueError(f"No coupling exists between {fname} -> {tname}")
def _parse_from_to_nodes(self, from_node, to_node):
if isinstance(from_node, numbers.Integral):
from_node = getattr(self, f"p{from_node}")
if isinstance(to_node, numbers.Integral):
to_node = getattr(self, f"p{to_node}")
if isinstance(from_node, Port):
from_node = from_node.i
if isinstance(to_node, Port):
to_node = to_node.o
return from_node, to_node
def _resymbolise_ABCDs(self):
# By default components will not have to resymbolise optical ABCD matrices
pass
[docs] def register_abcd_matrix(self, M_sym, *couplings):
"""Register an ABCD matrix of the given symbolic form for a sequence of
coupling(s).
Specifying several couplings for one `M_sym` means that all these
node couplings will point to the same reference ABCDs --- i.e. the
matrices kept in the underlying ABCD matrix store will be the same
blocks of memory.
.. warning::
This should only be used in the ``_resymbolise_ABCDs`` method of Connectors,
when implementing a new component.
Parameters
----------
M_sym : :class:`numpy.ndarray`
A 2x2 matrix of symbolic elements describing the analytic form of
the ABCD matrix for the given coupling(s).
couplings : sequence of tuples
Arguments of tuples giving the node couplings which are described by
the given symbolic ABCD matrix `M_sym`.
These tuples can be of size two or three, with the first two elements
always as the `from_node` -> `to_node` instances. The former case implies that
both the tangential and sagittal plane ABCD matrix couplings are equal
and so both directions 'x' and 'y' in the underlying matrices store will
be set to the same values. Whilst the latter case, where the third element is
either 'x' or 'y', sets just these direction keys to this matrix.
"""
M_num = np.array(M_sym, dtype=np.float64)
for coupling in couplings:
if not is_iterable(coupling) or len(coupling) < 2 or len(coupling) > 3:
raise ValueError(
f"Expected coupling {coupling} passed to _register_abcd_matrix "
"to be an iterable of length two (from_node, to_node) or "
"length three (from_node, to_node, direction)."
)
# No plane given, so same matrix will be used for
# both planes at this given node coupling
if len(coupling) == 2:
from_node, to_node = coupling
direction = ("x", "y")
# Otherwise use the specified plane
else:
from_node, to_node, direction = coupling
if direction != "x" and direction != "y":
raise ValueError(
f"Expected direction argument of coupling {coupling} to "
f"be either 'x' or 'y' but got {direction}."
)
direction = (direction,)
# Check that the node coupling actually exists on this connector
self.check_coupling(from_node, to_node)
for d in direction:
key = (from_node, to_node, d)
if key in self._abcd_matrices:
raise ValueError(
f"There is already an ABCD matrix defined for the coupling "
f"{from_node.full_name} -> {to_node.full_name} in the "
f"plane '{d}'!"
)
LOGGER.debug(
"For node coupling %s -> %s, in plane %s, registered "
"ABCD matrix:\n Symbolic: %s, Current Numeric: %s",
from_node.full_name,
to_node.full_name,
d,
M_sym.tolist(),
M_num.tolist(),
)
self._abcd_matrices[(from_node, to_node, d)] = M_sym, M_num
def _re_eval_abcds(self):
for M_sym, M_num in self._abcd_matrices.values():
M_num[:] = np.array(M_sym, dtype=np.float64)
[docs] def ABCD(
self,
from_node,
to_node,
direction="x",
symbolic=False,
copy=True,
retboth=False,
):
"""
Parameters
----------
from_node : :class:`.OpticalNode` or :class:`.Port` or str or int
Input node. If a port, or string repr of a port, is given then
the *input* optical node of that port will be used.
to_node : :class:`.OpticalNode` or :class:`.Port` or str or int
Output node. If a port, or string repr of a port, is given then
the *output* optical node of that port will be used.
direction : str, optional; default: 'x'
Direction of ABCD matrix computation, default is 'x' for tangential plane.
symbolic : bool, optional; default: False
Whether to return the symbolic matrix (as given by equations above). Defaults
to False such that the numeric matrix is returned.
copy : bool, optional; default: True
Whether to return a copy of ABCD matrix (or matrices if `retboth` is true). Defaults
to True so that the internal matrix cannot be accidentally altered. Use caution
if switching this flag off.
retboth : bool, optional; default: False
Whether to return both the symbolic and numeric matrices as a tuple
in that order.
Returns
-------
M : :class:`numpy.ndarray`
The ABCD matrix of the specified coupling for the mirror. This is symbolic
if either of `symbolic` or `retboth` flags are True.
M2 : :class:`numpy.ndarray`
Only returned if `retboth` is True, otherwise just `M` above is returned. This
will always be the numeric matrix.
Raises
------
err : :class:`ValueError`
If no coupling exists between `from_node` and `to_node`.
"""
from_node, to_node = self._parse_from_to_nodes(from_node, to_node)
self.check_coupling(from_node, to_node)
if not self.__abcds_symbolised:
self._resymbolise_ABCDs()
self.__abcds_symbolised = True
key = (from_node, to_node, direction)
if key not in self._abcd_matrices:
# If an optical coupling exists and no abcd has been specfied
# then we can assume it is an identity transformation
M_sym = np.eye(2, dtype=object)
M_num = np.eye(2)
else:
M_sym, M_num = self._abcd_matrices[key]
if M_sym is None:
# Symbolic M is None if an error occurred during the tracing
# In such a case M_num is a TotalReflectionError or
# some other exception instance
raise M_num
# Evaluate M_sym and assign to memory of M_num so that
# M_num always corresponds to current parameter state
M_num[:] = np.array(M_sym, dtype=np.float64)
if copy:
Ms = M_sym.copy()
Mn = M_num.copy()
else:
Ms = M_sym
Mn = M_num
if retboth:
return Ms, Mn
if symbolic:
return Ms
return Mn
[docs]@float_parameter("value", "Value", is_default=True)
class Variable(ModelElement):
"""A Variable is a model element which can be a symbolic expression. This can be a
simple constant, like the refractive index of glass, or something more complicated
like an full symbolic expression.
The `value` attribute contains the value of this Variable. `ref` can
be used to make a symbolic reference to this variables value.
Attributes
----------
name : str
Name of variable
value
Symbolic or numeric value of this variable
ref
Symbolic reference to this variable value
"""
def __init__(self, name, value):
super().__init__(name)
self.value = value
def _get_workspace(self, sim):
return VariableWorkspace(self)
def __float__(self):
return float(self.value)
def __int__(self):
return int(self.value)
def __complex__(self):
return complex(self.value)